The kingdom of mutapa or any kingdom of zimbabwe holds a captivating history. Nov 2008 the rise and ultimate expansion of the mutapa state owed in part to the decline of great zimbabwe. Monomotapa kingdom existed between 14501629, it succeeded the great zimbabwe. Mutapa remained nominally independent, though practically a client state. Jun 30, 20 the mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. The second section consists of a narrative history of the mutapa state, century by century, from i500 to i890. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa, shona. The rise of the mutapa state was coined by the factors that led to the decline of the great zimbabwe state such as. Mutapa state origins around 1425, mutota, king of the shona, embarked on conquest of the inland plateau, the region located between the zambezi river and the limpopo river, to the coast of mozambique. The inability of great zimbabwe to control other lineages. The kingdom of mutapa is said to have stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. This move led dombo to acquire more land and expand in mbire and guruuswa. The mwene bantu term for lord, specifically a conquering king was the title giving rise to the state being referred to as mwene mutapa. It is believed that the later had migrated with a large military force from great zimbabwe in.
Using the jesuits in the mutapa empire of zimbabwe academic. Southern africa southern africa european and african interaction from the 15th through the 18th century. Pwit1 department of history, university of zimbabwe. The mutapa state consolidated power and maintained its dominance from the 15th to the 20th century in what is now present day zimbabwe.
The account of the sixteenth century, centred mainly on the conditions of trade in the region and on the portuguese expansion, gives a fair outline, and shows how the mutapa state remained intact to the end of the i590s. According to oral tradition the first mwene was a warrior prince nyatsimbamutota from great zimbabwe who was sent to find new sources of salt in the north. This expansion weakened the torwa kingdom, the southern shona state from which mutota and his dynasty originated. There was a standing army of warriors which was used for defence and expansion of the kingdom. The prazo system this led to family separation due to forced labour by the portuguese. This kingdom was founded in 1425, succeeding the kingdom of the great zimbabwe.
Politically changamire dombo managed to defeat the portuguese in 1684 and 1695 near butwa. At the same time, a new kingdom under a rozvi dynasty near barwe was on the rise. The fumosa said manual barrett in i667q would declare war, exact tribute. In the second half of the 15th century great zimbabwe came to an abrupt end. Most historians agree that the mutapa state was an offshoot of the great zimbabwe state. On account of the above points it can be rather said the portuguese ignited the fall of the mutapa state rather than just simply saying they only sounded a death knell. He then established his state in the area which became known as the mwenemutapa state. According to oral tradition chibatamatosi nyatsimba mutotas father sent. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. The most powerful local player was the mutapa state, while the.
The founder and first mutapa king was nyatsimba mutota. Mutotas successor, mwenemutapa matope, extended this new kingdom into an empire which. Bre is the one of the main priorities of state and local development professionals. Economic activities of the mutapa state njpinebarrenscom, state pdfsdocuments2comeconomic activities of the mutapa. The position of importance held by mwene mutapa led to the creation of a complex style of administration around him. By the time the portuguese arrived on the coast of mozambique, the mutapa kingdom was the premier shona state in the region. The decline of great zimbabwe led to the rise of the mutapa state. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire shona. Jan 04, 2016 the mutapa state consolidated power and maintained its dominance from the 15th to the 20th century in what is now present day zimbabwe. European and african interaction from the 15th through the.
For this, in its turn, we need to consider the great zimbabwe stone complex near masvingo in presentday zimbabwe erected about 12500 beach 1994a. The empire was comprised of a karanga majority speaking population. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being. Which was not a result of the baby boom that followed world war ii answers apex.
Matope, son of mutota completed the conquest and expansion started by his father. The mutapa s control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Monomotapa was a shona kingdom which stretched from the zambezi through the limpopo rivers to the indian ocean in southern africa, in what are the modern states of zimbabwe, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique and parts of namibia and. According to oral tradition chibatamatosi nyatsimba mutotas father sent nyakatondo the messenger to the area north of great zimbabwe to look for salt deposits. Mutapa empire article about mutapa empire by the free. It has been suggested by some including the archaeologist peter garlake that religion was also significant to the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. African experience in the new mines and cities settlement in the lower zambezi and. Economic activities and the state publish your masters. The mutapa state was located on the northern part of modern day zimbabwe. In fact politics was behind the rise of the mutapa state. Pdf the archaeological identity of the mutapa state.
Matopes title, mwene mutapa, means the lord of the plundered lands, conquerer, or master pillager. However it was the mutapa state which invited the portuguese e. The army ensured the survival and expansion of the state. It could also be argued that it was the seventeenthcentury succession wars within the mutapa empire which, to a large extent, enabled the portuguese prazo holders to gain such a stranglehold over the valley lands during that period. Mutapas government the portuguese people who arrived in the east african coast in the 1500s thought mwenemutapa was a title of respect for the ruler. The kingdom of monomotapa mutapa empire wilsondiop institute. The mutapa people produced and traded a variety of goods such as elephant tusks and gold and encouraged traders including the swahili and. The mwanamutapa empire, headed by a ruler of the same name, was founded c. Apr 24, 20 the kingdom of mutapa is similar to that of the great zimbabwe.
The demise of great zimbabwe left the mutapa state dominant in northern. Pdf o level study guide for zimbabwean history upto 1897. Monomotapa was a shona empire which was centered in the zambezi valley. Mutapa empire 1430 to 1760 was an empire, in present day zimbabwe, extending to the mozambique coast. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa. Mwene we mutapa or more commonly and modern munhumutapa. Yes, this desire lead to amazing expansion of the zimbabwe kingdom but it also would ultimately lead to the demise of the.
The mutapa western adaptation of the munhumutapa or mwenemutapa or monomutapa depending on the shona dialect was one of western mozambique and present day zimbabwes greatest kingdoms. Contentssocial of mutapa stateeconomic activities of the mutapa stateaims of the portuguese in the mutapa statethe rise of mutapa state afternoon once again some more on zimbabwe. Mutapa technically was still independent, but was practically owned by portugal. Pdf they can neither read nor write, and have no books, and all ancient history and other. Rise and expansion of the mutapa state essays antiessays. From 1766 to 1806 there were sporadic wars between the ruling mutapas and pretenders to their throne. Trading gold with the portuguese helped them become a great and plentiful kingdom. May 04, 2012 the mutapa western adaptation of the munhumutapa or mwenemutapa or monomutapa depending on the shona dialect was one of western mozambique and present day zimbabwes greatest kingdoms. Expansion between 1684 and 1696, changamire dombo expelled the portuguese from mutapa and manyika, making the rozwi empire the most important empire in the zimbabwe plateau, zambezi valley. Basket weaving is a craft that goes back to the mutapa state and possibly beyond. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa was a.
Sep 22, 2018 monomotapa high civilization the kingdom of monomotapa popularly known as the mutapa empire or mwenemutapa in africa was a medieval kingdom that was located between river zambezi and limpopo in what is known today as the states of zambia, mozambique and south eastern zambia. The first europeans to enter southern africa were the portuguese, who from the 15th century edged their way around the african coast in the hope of outflanking islam, finding a sea route to the riches of india, and discovering additional sources of food. This kingdom was founded by a royal member from its successor. Chapter 7 barue history until 1918 general information.
The mutapa state is believed to have been an iron age state which spanned across three centuries till its decline in the 19 th century. A stamp showing a portoguese impression of the mutapa gatsi rusere. They were a flourishing kingdom who made their living economically. In as far as religion is an important component of ideology, this suggestion is plausible. Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the. Monomotapa high civilization the kingdom of monomotapa popularly known as the mutapa empire or mwenemutapa in africa was a medieval kingdom that was located between river zambezi and limpopo in what is known today as the states of zambia, mozambique and south eastern zambia. The economic organisation of the mutapa state free. Subjects were required to give livestock to prove their allegiance to the mwene mutapa. The origin and rise of the mutapa state free zimsec. The first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota who discovered what was soon to be mutapa when he was looking for a new source of salt. Blacksmithing, pottery, weaving and basketry were other important economic values to mutapa. Among the factors central to this debate are the growth of economic ties with the.
Its successor in the southwest was torwa, with its centre at khami. Matopes armies overran the kingdom of the manyika as well as the coastal kingdoms of kiteve and madanda. The kingdom of monomotapa mutapa empire wilsondiop. The book is a quick study instrument and is suitable to be used by learners who are about to write their final exams. It could also be argued that it was the seventeenthcentury succession wars within the mutapa empire which, to a large extent, enabled the portuguese prazo holders to gain such a stranglehold over the. Revenue from trade was used to run the army and sustain the empire. What factors led to the rise and fall of munhu mutapa state. Over the next several years mutapa had many different rulers, the last being the rozwi. Space does not permit a detailed discussion of the authors many other findings that support the notion of markan priority. Under mutota political control extended to the south and north to include the mbire, province. This book is written with the prime objective to enable o level learners to have a stomach of history. The economic organisation of the mutapa state free zimsec. Kingdom of mutapa great discoveries in archaeology.
According to shona oral tradition, mutota had been sent to. Mutapa is thought to be established around 1430, and was eventually taken over by the portuguese in 1760. Political organisation of the mutapa state free zimsec. Alpers,the mutapa and malawi political systems to the time of the ngona invasions and. The rozvi state grew due to sound economic, social and political polices. The mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Thus mutapa regained its independence sometime around 1720. Monomotapa kingdom existed between 14501629, it succeeded the great zimbabwe kingdom. Local businesses have strong community ties, reducing the risk of leaving and bre programs are often.
The mutapa people produced and traded a variety of goods such as elephant tusks and gold and encouraged traders including the swahili and portuguese continue. The same document further suggests that, due to civil wars in toroa and the mining. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa for short. The rulers in mutapa would also tax people and then forced the people who they conquered in citystates to mine gold for them. Like great zimbabwe the kingdom of mutapa traded gold, ivory, and mined iron. Mutapa state in the fifteenth century, the following feature has been recorded through. The ruling class of the mutapa people had similar culture and customs as those of the great zimbabwe. The kingdom that built the complex is said to have given rise to the famous mutapa empire. Economic development reference guide acknowledgements. Sep 25, 2019 the rozvi state grew due to sound economic, social and political polices. Mar 20, 2019 the shona thus formed a new state, the kingdom of mutapa, from around 1450 ce, although it may well have been a case of the zimbabwe ruling elite changing capital rather than a general population movement from the south. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from. Rozvi state pdf the history of the rozvi has been for a long time shrouded by myth. Aeg favorit dishwasher repair manual pdf online free.
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